
While the horned lizard is not officially on the endangered species list, it's range has declined 30% in Texas and California.
Oh, no! You say. How can this be? What would become of this world we live in if there were no horned lizards to bring us joy? What can I do to help this lone star treasure?

The horned lizard, commonly known as the horny toad, feeds mostly on red carpenter ants. You might know them as Texas Red Ants or native fire ants.
But Texas Red Ants are declining in population. For a very sad reason. They are competing with foreigners and losing.

That's right. In the 1930's, a boat docked on the Eastern Seaboard with cargo infested with another breed of fire ants from South America. These red imported fire ants (RIFA) spread slowly across the country, settling in Texas in the 1950's. And they love it here. Lots of open plains, average rain, mild spring and falls, and best of all, no natural predators.
Some might say good riddance to Texas red ants. While both fire ants are a pain (literally), the Texas red ant has a much much more painful sting. That's right. Sting.
Fire ants, unlike other biting ants, do not spray venom on the bite they make. They simply bite to get a foothold, and then inject an alkaloid venom from the stinger in their thorax that gives humans the sensation of being on fire. Thus the term fire ant. This is also the reason you can get multiple welts from a single fire ant. They clamp down and then sting you over and over. They can make it seem like a sneak attack and get halfway up your leg sometimes. But that is simply that they go by their built-in motion sensor, and only bite things that move (or things that their other ants buddies are biting). I have never been bitten by a Texas red ant, but I have been bitten hundreds of times by a red imported fire ant. And that was not pleasant; I don't feel the bite, but I do feel the slow onset of the sting, and man, it it burns for quite some time. And the next day the white puss shows up and it itches like crazy. I don't think I would want to have an encounter with a native ant.
You can tell the difference not only in the ant, but also in the mound. Imported fire ants build up a soft mound of dirt, especially when it is humid and moderate in temperature (this is perfect condition to raise young in the dirt above ground). Texas red ants have a hole in the ground surrounded by pebbles of mud.
The problem with the newcomer is not only their negative affect on the horny toad population, but also their pervasiveness. The RIFA are like the weeds of the ant community, and will pop up anywhere and everywhere. You are much less likely to see a Texas red ant community in the city or suburbs, but mankind is no barrier for the maniacal genius of the red imported fire ant.
So even if you are not a friend of the horny toad, it is still in your best interest to control the imported fire ants. They are simply too entrenched for us to eradicate completely, but there is hope for your eighth of an acre. The Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project suggests using the
two-step approach.